C#中的Stream流的几种操作

流就是一个类的对象,很多文件的输入输出操作都以类的成员函数的方式来提供;

流其实是一种信息的转换,是有序的,有输入和输出流(IO);.

1.FileStream

文件流,读取和保存文件操作使用;

//写入FileStream fs = new FileStream("data.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);string msg = "littlePerilla";byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);fs.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);fs.Flush();fs.Close();
//读取FileStream fs = new FileStream("data.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);byte[] bytes = new byte[fs.Length];fs.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);char[] c = Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(bytes);fs.Flush();fs.Close();

2.StreamReader 和 StreamWriter

粒度为字符的流;

void StreamWrite(){  string path = "test.txt";  //创建StreamWriter 类的实例  StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(path);  streamWriter.WriteLine("Perilla");  streamWriter.WriteLine("13112345678");  //刷新缓存  streamWriter.Flush();  //关闭流  streamWriter.Close();}
void StreamReader(){  //定义文件路径  string path = "test.txt";  //创建 StreamReader 类的实例  StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(path);  //判断文件中是否有字符  while (streamReader.Peek() != -1)  {    //读取文件中的一行字符    string str = streamReader.ReadLine();    Debug.Log(str);  }  streamReader.Close();}

3.BinaryWriter 和 BinaryReader

粒度为字节的读写流;

// 读取文件void ReadFile()          {  FileStream fs = new FileStream("data.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);  BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(fs);
  //以二进制方式读取文件中的内容  int i = r.ReadInt32();  float f = r.ReadSingle();  double d = r.ReadDouble();  bool b = r.ReadBoolean();  string s = r.ReadString();  Debug.Log(i);  Debug.Log(f);  Debug.Log(d);  Debug.Log(b);  Debug.Log(s);
  r.Close();  fs.Close();}
// 写入文件void WriteFile()    {  FileStream fs = new FileStream("data.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);  BinaryWriter w = new BinaryWriter(fs);
  //以二进制方式向创建的文件中写入内容   w.Write(1123);                  w.Write(0.3135f);               w.Write(0.3188946);             w.Write(true);                  w.Write("LittlePerilla");     
  w.Close();  fs.Close();}

4.MemoryStream

内存的读写流,字节粒度,支持Position和Seek操作,自由度更高;

支持异步读写,不需要手动释放和开辟内存;

支持在任意位置修改操作;

class Program{    static void Main(string[] args)    {        string strValue = "LittlePerillaIsSuperHero";        MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();        ms.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strValue), 0, strValue.Length);
        Console.WriteLine(ms.Position);        //打印测试        byte[] byte1 = ms.GetBuffer();                  string str1 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(byte1);        Console.WriteLine(str1);

        ms.Seek(2, SeekOrigin.Current);        ms.ReadByte();        ms.ReadByte();        ms.ReadByte();        ms.ReadByte();                            byte[] bytes3 = ms.ToArray();        foreach (byte b in bytes3)        {            Console.Write(b + "-");        }        str1 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes3);        Console.WriteLine("\n"+str1);        //这里说明ms.ReadByte不会截断读完的数据
        MemoryStream ms2 = new MemoryStream();        byte[] bytes6 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abcde");        ms2.Write(bytes6, 0, bytes6.Length);        Console.WriteLine(ms2.Position);            //等价        ms2.Position = 0;//ms2.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);  
        byte[] byteArray = new byte[5] { 110, 110, 110, 110, 110 };        ms2.Read(byteArray, 2, 1);        Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(byteArray));        //结果为nnann,说明讲ms2中的数据读进byteArray中偏移2的位置,且只读取1个字节;
        //指定位置写入        MemoryStream ms3 = new MemoryStream();        byte[] bytesArr = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("abcdefg");        ms3.Write(bytesArr, 0, bytesArr.Length);        ms3.Position = 2;        ms3.WriteByte(97);  //97代表的是a   这段代码的意思是,将原先第二个的c替换为a        string str = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(ms3.ToArray());        Console.WriteLine(str); //输出 abacdefg
        Console.ReadKey();    }
}

5.NetworkStream

为网络访问提供数据的基础流;用于 Stream 在阻止模式下通过套接字发送和接收数据的方法;

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.net.sockets.sockettype?view=net-6.0#System_Net_Sockets_SocketType_Stream

可以将类用于 NetworkStream 同步和异步数据传输;

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.net.sockets.networkstream?view=net-6.0

创建NetworkStream必须提供Socket;

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.net.sockets.socket?view=net-6.0

详细不适合在这里讨论;待完善吧;