WPF以其丰富灵活的控件样式设计,相较于WinForm而言,一直是工控组态软件的宠儿。经过上一篇文章的学习,已经对WPF开发工控组态软件有了一个基本的了解, 今天继续学习冷却塔和空气压缩机的开发,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。.
设计知识点
关于本示例中,涉及的知识点,如下所示:
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自定义用户控件,用户可以根据业务需要自定义控件,将普通的控件进行组合,封装,以满足特定的功能,并达到复用的目的。
-
WPF形状,动画,可以通过选择,移动,变形等相关功能,改变控件的呈现形状。
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依赖属性,WPF可以通过依赖属性进行数据的绑定,实现UI与业务逻辑的解耦。
冷却塔CoolingTower
冷却塔组成拆解
关于冷却塔的组成部分,经过拆解如下所示:
-
顶部一个经过旋转和缩放的风扇(Path)
-
一个椭圆形(Ellipse)和一个路径形状(Path),使得椭圆看起来像立体一样
-
一个不规则形状多边形(Ploygon)
-
一个四边形(Border),两个圆形指示灯(Border),两个四边形底座(Border),表示前景和侧面。
经过以上分析,不难发现,冷却塔均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
冷却塔示例截图
冷却塔正常运转时,绿灯亮且风扇转动,异常时红灯亮,且风扇停止。截图如下所示:
冷却塔源码
冷却塔源码分为三个组成部分,如下所示:
1. 控件布局
控件布局主要是排版布局形状等内容。如下所示:
<Viewbox HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
<Canvas Width="205" Height="245" Margin="5">
<Polygon Points="0,65 40,10 205,10 180,65 " Fill="#EEE"></Polygon>
<Path Data="M0 0 A60 15 0 0 0 120 0 L120 25 A60 15 0 0 1 0 25" Canvas.Left="45" Canvas.Top="15">
<Path.Fill>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0" StartPoint="0,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.52"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Path.Fill>
</Path>
<Ellipse Width="120" Height="30" Fill="#CCC" Canvas.Left="45"></Ellipse>
<Border Canvas.Left="52" Canvas.Top="-38">
<Viewbox Width="105" Height="105" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5">
<Viewbox.RenderTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<RotateTransform Angle="20" x:Name="rt"></RotateTransform>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="0.25"></ScaleTransform>
</TransformGroup>
</Viewbox.RenderTransform>
<Path Stretch="Fill" Data="M261.851429 528.822857c-43.885714-24.868571-84.845714-23.405714-121.417143 5.851429-35.108571 26.331429-49.737143 62.902857-43.885715 106.788571 5.851429 38.034286 19.017143 74.605714 40.96 108.251429 21.942857 35.108571 46.811429 59.977143 76.068572 74.605714 78.994286 40.96 147.748571 29.257143 207.725714-35.108571 19.017143-20.48 33.645714-43.885714 46.811429-73.142858 14.628571-32.182857 23.405714-61.44 24.868571-90.697142 0-14.628571 7.314286-21.942857 19.017143-21.942858s19.017143 5.851429 24.868571 16.091429c17.554286 51.2 14.628571 99.474286-10.24 143.36-24.868571 43.885714-21.942857 84.845714 4.388572 119.954286 26.331429 35.108571 62.902857 49.737143 106.788571 42.422857 38.034286-5.851429 74.605714-19.017143 108.251429-40.96 35.108571-21.942857 59.977143-46.811429 74.605714-76.068572 40.96-78.994286 29.257143-147.748571-36.571428-206.262857-20.48-19.017143-43.885714-35.108571-73.142858-48.274285-32.182857-14.628571-61.44-23.405714-90.697142-24.868572-14.628571 0-21.942857-7.314286-21.942858-19.017143s5.851429-20.48 17.554286-23.405714c20.48-7.314286 40.96-11.702857 62.902857-11.702857 27.794286 0 54.125714 7.314286 78.994286 20.48 43.885714 24.868571 84.845714 23.405714 121.417143-4.388572 35.108571-26.331429 49.737143-62.902857 43.885714-106.788571-5.851429-38.034286-19.017143-74.605714-40.96-108.251429-21.942857-35.108571-46.811429-59.977143-76.068571-74.605714-78.994286-40.96-147.748571-29.257143-207.725715 35.108572-19.017143 20.48-33.645714 45.348571-46.811428 73.142857-14.628571 32.182857-23.405714 62.902857-24.868572 90.697143 0 13.165714-7.314286 20.48-19.017142 21.942857s-20.48-5.851429-24.868572-16.091429c-7.314286-20.48-10.24-40.96-10.24-64.365714 0-27.794286 7.314286-54.125714 20.48-78.994286 24.868571-43.885714 21.942857-84.845714-4.388571-119.954286-26.331429-35.108571-61.44-49.737143-105.325715-43.885714-38.034286 5.851429-74.605714 19.017143-108.251428 40.96-35.108571 21.942857-59.977143 46.811429-76.068572 76.068572-40.96 78.994286-29.257143 147.748571 36.571429 207.725714 20.48 19.017143 45.348571 35.108571 73.142857 48.274286 32.182857 14.628571 61.44 21.942857 90.697143 23.405714 14.628571 0 21.942857 7.314286 21.942857 19.017143s-5.851429 20.48-17.554286 24.868571c-49.737143 17.554286-98.011429 14.628571-141.897142-10.24m279.405714-46.811428c8.777143 8.777143 11.702857 17.554286 11.702857 29.257142s-4.388571 21.942857-11.702857 30.72c-8.777143 7.314286-17.554286 11.702857-29.257143 11.702858s-21.942857-4.388571-30.72-11.702858c-8.777143-8.777143-11.702857-19.017143-11.702857-30.72s4.388571-21.942857 11.702857-29.257142c8.777143-8.777143 19.017143-13.165714 30.72-13.165715 11.702857 1.462857 20.48 4.388571 29.257143 13.165715z" Fill="#EEE">
</Path>
</Viewbox>
</Border>
<Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Background="#E0E0E0">
<Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10">
<Border.Background>
<DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1">
<DrawingBrush.Drawing>
<GeometryDrawing>
<GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen>
</GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
<PathGeometry>
<PathFigure>
<LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment>
<LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
</DrawingBrush.Drawing>
</DrawingBrush>
</Border.Background>
</Border>
<Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border>
<Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border>
</Grid>
</Grid>
<Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Canvas.Left="180" Background="#E0E0E0">
<Grid.RenderTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform ScaleX="0.139"></ScaleTransform>
<SkewTransform AngleY="-65.5"></SkewTransform>
</TransformGroup>
</Grid.RenderTransform>
<Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10">
<Border.Background>
<DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1">
<DrawingBrush.Drawing>
<GeometryDrawing>
<GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen>
</GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
<PathGeometry>
<PathFigure>
<LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment>
<LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
</DrawingBrush.Drawing>
</DrawingBrush>
</Border.Background>
</Border>
<Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border>
<Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border>
</Grid>
</Grid>
<Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="80">
<Border.Background>
<RadialGradientBrush>
<GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsGreen"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop>
</RadialGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
</Border>
<Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="105">
<Border.Background>
<RadialGradientBrush>
<GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsRed"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop>
</RadialGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
</Border>
</Canvas>
</Viewbox>
2. 状态管理
冷却塔有两个状态,正常运行状态和异常状态,分别对应不同的呈现。如下所示:
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup>
<VisualState x:Name="normalState">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="0" To="-360" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetName="rt" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"></DoubleAnimation>
<ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsGreen" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
<DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Green" KeyTime="0"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
</ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="errorState">
<Storyboard>
<ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsRed" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" Duration="0:0:1">
<DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Red" KeyTime="0:0:0.5"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
<DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Gray" KeyTime="0:0:1"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
</ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
3. 依赖属性
在本示例中,依赖属性主要用于控制状态,如下所示:
namespace WpfControl.UserControls
{
/// <summary>
/// CoolingTower.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class CoolingTower : UserControl
{
public RunningState RunningState
{
get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); }
set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(CoolingTower), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState), RunningStateChangedCallback));
private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue;
VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as CoolingTower, value == RunningState.Normal ? "normalState" : "errorState", false);
}
public CoolingTower()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
4. 调用示例
组件写好后,调用非常简单,如下所示:
<Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow2"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl"
xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="冷却塔" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="0" RunningState="Error" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower>
<uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="1" RunningState="Normal" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower>
</Grid>
</Window>
空气压缩机AirCompresser
空气压缩机功能拆解
关于空气压缩式机的组成部分,经过拆解如下所示:
-
左侧一个四边形(Path)
-
顶部一个四边形(Path)
-
前景一个四边形(Path),两条线(Line)
-
两个小圆点(Ellipse)
-
底部一个四边形(Border)
-
右上角指示灯(Ellipse)
经过以上分析,不难发现,空气压缩机均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
空气压缩机示例截图
空气压缩式机同样包括两种状态,正常状态,绿灯亮和异常状态,红灯闪烁。示例截图如下所示:
空气压缩机源码
空气压缩机源码分为三个组成部分,如下所示:
1. 页面布局
页面布局主要进行控件的排版,如下所示:
<Viewbox Stretch="Fill">
<Grid>
<Path x:Name="left" Data="M0,0,0,200,80,300,80,70" Fill="Gray"></Path>
<Path x:Name="top" Data="M0,0,80,70,400,60,320 -10" Fill="Gray"></Path>
<Path x:Name="front" Data="M80,300,80,70,400,60,400,280" Fill="LightGray"></Path>
<Line x:Name="l1" X1="180" X2="180" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line>
<Line x:Name="l2" X1="280" X2="280" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line>
<Ellipse x:Name="c1" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray"></Ellipse>
<Ellipse x:Name="c2" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray" Margin="0,3,80,0"></Ellipse>
<Border x:Name="bottom" Height="22" Background="DarkGray" Margin="80,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
<Border.RenderTransform>
<SkewTransform AngleY="-4"></SkewTransform>
</Border.RenderTransform>
</Border>
<Ellipse x:Name="alarm" Width="18" Height="18" Margin="0,80,10,0" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<SolidColorBrush Color="LightGray"></SolidColorBrush>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
</Grid>
</Viewbox>
2. 状态管理
空气压缩机主要有两种状态,分别表示不同的运行情况,如下所示:
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup>
<VisualState x:Name="errorState">
<Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="White" To="Red" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="normalSate">
<Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" From="LightGreen" To="LightGreen" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
3. 依赖属性
空气压缩机的依赖属性和冷却塔相似,如下所示:
namespace WpfControl.UserControls
{
/// <summary>
/// AirCompresser.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class AirCompresser : UserControl
{
public RunningState RunningState
{
get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); }
set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(AirCompresser), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState),RunningStateChangedCallback));
private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue;
VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as AirCompresser, value == RunningState.Error ? "errorState" : "normalSate", false);
}
public AirCompresser()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
4. 调用示例
调用空气压缩机示例,如下所示:
<Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl"
xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="空气压缩机示例" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="10,10,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
<uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="50,200,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
<uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="0,0,10,10" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
<uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="0,0,50,200" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
</Grid>
</Window>
备注
以上就是本篇文章的全部内容,旨在抛砖引玉,共同学习,一起进步。学习编程,从关注【老码识途】开始!!!