一、概述
PUT和PATCH方法用于更新现有资源。它们之间的区别是,PUT 会替换整个资源,而 PATCH 仅指定更改。
在 ASP.NET Core Web API 中,由于 C# 是一种静态语言(dynamic 在此不表),当我们定义了一个类型用于接收 HTTP Patch 请求参数的时候,在 Action 中无法直接从实例中得知客户端提供了哪些参数。.
比如定义一个输入模型和数据库实体:
public class PersonInput{public string? Name { get; set; }public int? Age { get; set; }public string? Gender { get; set; }}public class PersonEntity{public string Name { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public string Gender { get; set; }}
再定义一个以 FromForm 形式接收参数的 Action:
[HttpPatch][Route("patch")]public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input){// 测试代码暂时将 AutoMapper 配置放在方法内。var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>{cfg.CreateMap<PersonInput, PersonEntity>());});var mapper = config.CreateMapper();// entity 从数据库读取,这里仅演示。var entity = new PersonEntity{Name = "姓名", // 可能会被改变Age = 18, // 可能会被改变Gender = "我可能会被改变",};// 如果客户端只输入 Name 字段,entity 的 Age 和 Gender 将不能被正确映射或被置为 null。mapper.Map(input, entity);return Ok();}
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \--form 'Name="foo"'
如果客户端只提供了 Name 而没有其他参数,从 HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys 可以得知这一点。如果不使用 AutoMapper,那么接下来是丑陋的判断:
var keys = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys;if(keys.Contains("Name")){// 更新 Name(这里忽略合法性判断)entity.Name = input.Name!;}if (keys.Contains("Age")){// 更新 Age(这里忽略合法性判断)entity.Age = input.Age!;}// ...
本文提供一种方式来简化这个步骤。
二、将 Keys 保存在 Input Model 中
定义一个名为 PatchInput 的类:
public abstract class PatchInput{[BindNever]public ICollection<string>? PatchKeys { get; set; }}
PatchKeys 属性不由客户端提供,不参与默认绑定。
PersonInput 继承自 PatchInput:
public class PersonInput : PatchInput{public string? Name { get; set; }public int? Age { get; set; }public string? Gender { get; set; }}
三、定义 ModelBinderFactory 和 ModelBinder
public class PatchModelBinder : IModelBinder{private readonly IModelBinder _internalModelBinder;public PatchModelBinder(IModelBinder internalModelBinder){_internalModelBinder = internalModelBinder;}public async Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext){await _internalModelBinder.BindModelAsync(bindingContext);if (bindingContext.Model is PatchInput model){// 将 Form 中的 Keys 保存在 PatchKeys 中model.PatchKeys = bindingContext.HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys;}}}
public class PatchModelBinderFactory : IModelBinderFactory{private ModelBinderFactory _modelBinderFactory;public PatchModelBinderFactory(IModelMetadataProvider metadataProvider,IOptions<MvcOptions> options,IServiceProvider serviceProvider){_modelBinderFactory = new ModelBinderFactory(metadataProvider, options, serviceProvider);}public IModelBinder CreateBinder(ModelBinderFactoryContext context){var modelBinder = _modelBinderFactory.CreateBinder(context);// ComplexObjectModelBinder 是 internal 类if (typeof(PatchInput).IsAssignableFrom(context.Metadata.ModelType)&& modelBinder.GetType().ToString().EndsWith("ComplexObjectModelBinder")){modelBinder = new PatchModelBinder(modelBinder);}return modelBinder;}}
四、在 ASP.NET Core 项目中替换 ModelBinderFactory
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);// Add services to the container.builder.Services.AddPatchMapper();
AddPatchMapper 是一个简单的扩展方法:
public static class PatchMapperExtensions{public static IServiceCollection AddPatchMapper(this IServiceCollection services){services.Replace(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IModelBinderFactory, PatchModelBinderFactory>());return services;}}
到目前为止,在 Action 中已经能获取到请求的 Key 了。
[HttpPatch][Route("patch")]public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input){// 不需要手工给 input.PatchKeys 赋值。return Ok();}
PatchKeys 的作用是利用 AutoMapper。
五、定义 AutoMapper 的 TypeConverter
public class PatchConverter<T> : ITypeConverter<PatchInput, T> where T : new(){private static readonly IDictionary<string, Action<T, object>> _propertySetters;static PatchConverter(){_propertySetters = typeof(T).GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public).ToDictionary(p => p.Name, CreatePropertySetter);}private static Action<T, object> CreatePropertySetter(PropertyInfo propertyInfo){var targetType = propertyInfo.DeclaringType!;var parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "value");var castExpression = Expression.Convert(parameterExpression, propertyInfo.PropertyType);var targetExpression = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "target");var propertyExpression = Expression.Property(targetExpression, propertyInfo);var assignExpression = Expression.Assign(propertyExpression, castExpression);var lambdaExpression = Expression.Lambda<Action<T, object>>(assignExpression, targetExpression, parameterExpression);return lambdaExpression.Compile();}/// <inheritdoc />public T Convert(PatchInput source, T destination, ResolutionContext context){destination ??= new T();foreach (var key in source.PatchKeys ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>()){if (_propertySetters.TryGetValue(key, out var propertySetter)){var sourceValue = source.GetType().GetProperty(key)?.GetValue(source)!;propertySetter(destination, sourceValue);}}return destination;}}
六、模型映射
[HttpPatch][Route("patch")]public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input){// 1. 目前仅支持 `FromForm`,即 `x-www-form_urlencoded` 和 `form-data`;暂不支持 `FromBody` 如 `raw` 等。// 2. 使用 ModelBinderFractory 创建 ModelBinder 而不是 ModelBinderProvider 以便于未来支持更多的输入格式。// 3. 目前还没有支持多级结构。// 4. 测试代码暂时将 AutoMapper 配置放在方法内。var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>{cfg.CreateMap<PersonInput, PersonEntity>().ConvertUsing(new PatchConverter<PersonEntity>());});var mapper = config.CreateMapper();// PersonEntity 有 3 个属性,客户端如果提供的参数参数不足 3 个,在 Map 时未提供参数的属性值不会被改变。var entity = new PersonEntity{Name = "姓名",Age = 18,Gender = "如果客户端没有提供本参数,那我的值不会被改变"};mapper.Map(input, entity);return Ok();}
七、测试
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \--form 'Name="foo"'
或
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \--header 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \--data-urlencode 'Name=foo'
源码
Tubumu.PatchMapper
https://github.com/albyho/Tubumu.PatchMapper