概述
1、 客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口。
2、 一个类对另一个类的依赖应该建立在最小接口上。
3、接口应尽量细分,不要在一个接口中放很多方法。
接口分离和单一原则关系
单一职责:只做一件事 /影响类变化的原因只有一个。目的是你为了高内聚(模块内部的相似程度).
接口隔离:目的是为了低耦合(模块之间的依赖程度要低)。.
未使用接口隔离原则的代码
public interface IScore{void QueryScore();void UpdateScore();void AddScore();void DeleteScore();double GetSumScore();double GetAvgScore();void PrintScore();void SendScore();}public class Teacher : IScore{public void AddScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void DeleteScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetAvgScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetSumScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void PrintScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void QueryScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void SendScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void UpdateScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}}public class Student : IScore{public void AddScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void DeleteScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetAvgScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetSumScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void PrintScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void QueryScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void SendScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void UpdateScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}}
以上定义成绩接口,接口里面包含的方法分别为查询成绩,添加成绩、修改成绩、删除成绩、成就求和,成绩求平均数、打印成绩、发送成绩。Teacher和student类都实现IScore的方法 ,有些方法教师或学生根本没必要实现。
使用接口隔离原则的代码
public interface ITeacherScore{void AddScore();void DeleteScore();double GetSumScore();double GetAvgScore();void PrintScore();void SendScore();}public class Teacher2 : ITeacherScore{public void AddScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void DeleteScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetAvgScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public double GetSumScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void PrintScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void SendScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}}public interface IStudentScore{void QueryScore();void PrintScore();}public class Student2 : IStudentScore{public void PrintScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}public void QueryScore(){throw new NotImplementedException();}}
以上代码使用接口隔离原则后,接口职责很清晰,定义的接口不再像之前的大而全。
总结
接口隔离原则和单一职责原则很像,关于二者之间的关系在开头概述里面已经描述,如有疑问欢迎与我交流。