C# WPF MVVM模式Prism框架从零搭建(经典)

01—前言

目前最新的PRISM的版本是8.1.97,本节以6.3.0.0 讲解,可以在Github上获取PRISM的源码。

  • Prism Github地址:https://github.com/PrismLibrary/Prism

  • Prism官方文档:https://prismlibrary.com/docs/.

  • Prism要用到IOC容器,提供选择的有Unity和MEF,这里我分别采用MEF和unity去做,不懂MEF的建议看看这位大牛的系列博文http://www.cnblogs.com/yunfeifei/p/3922668.html

02—安装库

在nuget上安装Prism相关常用的库

C# WPF MVVM模式Prism框架从零搭建(经典)

03—项目搭建

step1:新建解决方案:我这里命名为PrismFrameTest;

step2:删除MainWindow.xaml,删除App.xaml中启动引导

  StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml"

然后在App.xaml.cs新建程序入口

 protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)        {            base.OnStartup(e);            MyBootstrapper bootStrapper = new MyBootstrapper();            bootStrapper.Run(true);        }

新建引导类MyBootstrapper.cs,需要继承基类Prism.Mef库下的基类MefBootstrapper

方式1 采用mef

public class MyBootstrapper : MefBootstrapper    {        protected override DependencyObject CreateShell()        {            return this.Container.GetExportedValue<MyShellView>();        }        protected override void InitializeShell()        {            base.InitializeShell();            Application.Current.MainWindow = (MyShellView)this.Shell;            Application.Current.MainWindow.Show();//Show主窗口,但content内没有内容,只有当调用Module中的Initialize()方法后才将HelloWorldView显示出来。        }        protected override void ConfigureAggregateCatalog()        {            base.ConfigureAggregateCatalog();            this.AggregateCatalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(MyBootstrapper).Assembly));            this.AggregateCatalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(PrismModuleLeft.ModuleLeftViewModel).Assembly));//注册模块            //this.AggregateCatalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(ModuleB.ModuleBViewModel).Assembly));        }        protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog()        {            // When using MEF, the existing Prism ModuleCatalog is still the place to configure modules via configuration files.            return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog();        }
    }

方式2 采用unity​​​​​​​

 public class MyBootstrapper : UnityBootstrapper    {        protected override DependencyObject CreateShell()        {            return Container.Resolve<MyShellView>();        }
        protected override void InitializeShell()        {            base.InitializeShell();
            Application.Current.MainWindow = (MyShellView)this.Shell;            Application.Current.MainWindow.Show();//Show主窗口,但content内没有内容,只有当调用Module中的Initialize()方法后才将HelloWorldView显示出来。        }
        protected override void ConfigureModuleCatalog()        {            base.ConfigureModuleCatalog();
            ModuleCatalog moduleCatalog = (ModuleCatalog)this.ModuleCatalog;            moduleCatalog.AddModule(typeof(PrismModuleLeft.ModuleLeftViewModel));//注册模块        }
    }

step3:

然后新建一个xaml窗体MyShellView.xaml,将窗体分为左右两部分

这里cal:RegionManager.RegionName是一个依赖属性,我们将它与ItemsControl控件相关联,MainRegion就是一个占位符。​​​​​​​

 <ItemsControl cal:RegionManager.RegionName="RegionLeft" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> <ItemsControl cal:RegionManager.RegionName="RegionRight" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Grid.Column="1"/>

对应的cs中将类标注为  [Export]

step4:新建类库PrismModuleLeft

类库中新建ModuleLeftView.xaml

关于事件绑定:(在下面代码中两种方式都列出来了)

①控件继承自ButtonBase、MenuItem类,比如:Button、RadioButton、Hyperlink、MenuItem……这种情况下,由于Prism已经帮我们实现了这些控件的Command属性,可以直接绑定Command属性来完成Click事件到ViewModel的绑定:

②ListView、ListBox、DropDownList等等大部分没有Click事件的控件。这时候,当我们要实现SelectedItemChanged、SelectionChanged等常用事件的时候,使用Expression Blend附带的System.Windows.Interactivity.dll文件,它使用interaction trigger和InvokeCommandAction behavior来帮助我们直接绑定控件的事件。

需要引用

xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"

​​​​​​​

 <Grid>        <Grid.RowDefinitions>            <RowDefinition/>            <RowDefinition/>        </Grid.RowDefinitions>        <TextBlock  Foreground="Red" FontSize="20" Text="{Binding TxtLabel}" Background="Gray" Grid.Row="0"/>        <Button Background="LightCyan" Name="CreateRecipe" Command="{Binding CreateRecipeCommand}" Content="BtnCtr" FontSize="20" Grid.Row="1">            <i:Interaction.Triggers >                <i:EventTrigger EventName="PreviewKeyDown">                    <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding KeyUpEventCommand}" />                </i:EventTrigger>            </i:Interaction.Triggers>        </Button>        </Grid>

对应的cs中:​​​​​​​

  [Export]    public partial class ModuleLeftView : UserControl    {        private readonly IRegionViewRegistry regionViewRegistry;        public ModuleLeftView()        {            InitializeComponent();            this.DataContext = new ModuleLeftViewModel(regionViewRegistry);        }    }

step4:ModuleLeftViewModel中:

using Prism.Commands;using Prism.Mef.Modularity;using Prism.Modularity;using Prism.Mvvm;using Prism.Regions;using PropertyChanged;using System.ComponentModel.Composition;using System.Windows;using System.Windows.Input;
namespace PrismModuleLeft{    [AddINotifyPropertyChangedInterface]    [ModuleExport("ModuleLeftViewModel", typeof(ModuleLeftViewModel), InitializationMode = InitializationMode.WhenAvailable)]    public class ModuleLeftViewModel : BindableBase,IModule    {        private readonly IRegionViewRegistry regionViewRegistry;        public ICommand CreateRecipeCommand { get; set; }        public DelegateCommand<KeyEventArgs> KeyUpEventCommand { get; private set; }        public string TxtLabel { get; set; } = "Hello! I am ModuleA";        public void KeyUpEventHandler(KeyEventArgs args)        {            MessageBox.Show("PrismCTR");        }        public void Initialize()        {            regionViewRegistry.RegisterViewWithRegion("RegionLeft", typeof(ModuleLeftView));
        }        [ImportingConstructor]        public ModuleLeftViewModel(IRegionViewRegistry registry)        {            this.regionViewRegistry = registry;            CreateRecipeCommand = new DelegateCommand(() => CreateRecipe());                 }        public void CreateRecipe()        {            TxtLabel = "this is my first prism test example";            MessageBox.Show(TxtLabel);        }    }}

04—总结

这个时候我们来对PRISM的基础架构做一个简单的总结:

Shell: 主窗口,他的功能都是通过Module来实现的;

Bootstrapper: 应用程序的入口点;

Region: 内容区域,类似于一个占位符

Module: 真正实现业务功能的东西,是View,数据,模型组成的集合;

Prism是个非常强大的wpf mvvm模式框架,它使用依赖注入,控制反转容器来帮助我们解决团队合作的松耦合问题。

05—结果演示

C# WPF MVVM模式Prism框架从零搭建(经典)